Editorial
INTERVIEW: Terrorists plan to rule Nigeria, Ex-Army Chief reveals
…suggests weapons enter nation through over 1, 000 illegal routes
•Says combating insurgents with 200,000 soldiers no easy task
Lt Gen Abdulrahman B. Dambazau (rtd) had a robust service in the Nigerian armed forces culminating in his appointment as the Chief of the Army Staff (COAS) in August 2008. Dambazau disengaged from the military in September 2010.
After his disengagement, he joined the defunct Congress for Progressive Change (CPC) in 2011 and became its Director, Security for the presidential election same year. In 2014, he joined then mega opposition party, the All Progressives Congress (APC), and was subsequently appointed the APC Director, Security, APC Presidential Campaign Council for the 2015 presidential election. He was also Director of Security of the APC Presidential Campaign Council during the 2019 presidential election.
The former Army chief was Minister of Interior from November 11, 2015 to May 28, 2019.
In this interview, Dambazau speaks on insecurity in Nigeria and the way out.
Excerpts:
What is your general impression on the country’s state of security?
Generally, every country has its own challenges on security and this is all over the world. But, of course, every nation too has its own security concerns. And, certainly, just like President Muhammadu Buhari expressed his feelings severally and many other personalities have done, the issue of insecurity is of concern to us because it has its implications economically, socially and politically.
What do you think was the background to these challenges?
There are many factors. Firstly, the issue of crime and criminalities is part of human nature. Every country experiences and that is why, in the first place, we have laws to govern society. Even God himself, who created us in His infinite mercy, sent prophets and books (Bible for Christians, Quran for Muslims etc) in order to guide our behaviour. Like I said, there are some factors involved…
Elaborate on those factors…
Some of those factors have to do with socio-economic issues, governance, environment (the impact of certain things happening within the environment). So, like I said, they are multi factors. For instance, on the issue of our environment, today, we are talking about climate change, how it has impacted on the environment, leading to land degradation, environmental degradation, resulting in forced migration for our farmers and herders from degraded areas to areas where they can access land and water to farm or herd their cattle. They are doing so because of the effect of what climate change has done which affected land and water resources and which are becoming scarce and smaller in size. In that case, you have conflict over their use or ownership. Also, in terms of socio-economic matters, we have issues of poverty and unemployment. Corruption also has a very serious impact on the environment.
These are some of the specific factors that I think contribute to some of the security challenges we have in the country. Globalization also has an impact. The world is becoming smaller, things are done faster. It gives a lot of opportunities for people with bad intentions to also take advantage of that. This is coupled with the fact that technology has so much improved. Another thing related to this is population. Our population after independence was about 50 million. Today, we are over 200 million people. Large population is not an issue as long as it is used as human capital to develop the country. So, the resources are scarce while the population has grown exponentially. These are some of factors that do contribute to the insecurity we are facing today.
Let’s expand the discussion to include insecurity generally. It started in 2009 with Boko Haram in the North-East. Today, it has escalated to every part of the North. How did something that started as insurgency in the North-East escalate to existential threat for the entire North?
Well, I want to correct an impression. The issue of insecurity did not start from the North-East. Recall that at one time in our history, what we were dealing with in the 80s and 90s was armed robbery. Remember the famous Oyenusi, particularly within the South-West and Anini & co. Those were the scary issues at that time.
Then, our prisons were filled with those awaiting trial, alleged armed robbery suspects or convicts of same crime. At a time, government started public execution of convicts. On one occasion, execution was taking place at Bar Beach (Lagos) for armed robbery and somebody was robbing another man of his car. So, the challenges of insecurity have always been there. Specifically, for the North-East, insecurity started way back with those young chaps who grouped and called themselves ‘Talibans’ in reference to what was happening in Afghanistan at that time.
So, this was the same group, I think, grew to become what it is today. But, this issue has gone beyond the North-East, like you rightly pointed out, it has spread to many parts of Nigeria and even beyond; it has become a regional issue in the sense that it has engulfed the entire Lake Chad Basin region. It is an issue that also has connection in the entire region. Recall the issue of countries showing concern about insurgency within, specifically, Mali, Burkina Faso and Niger Republic now. So, it is a regional issue and our neighbor, Benin Republic, is getting some touch of it. Initially, Lake Chad Basin countries did not show much concern about it. They thought it was a Nigeria’s problem until it became a reality to them that it was a regional problem and all the countries, led by President Muhammadu Buhari, in 2015, refocused attention to Multi-National Joint Task Force which is now based in Chad under the command of a Nigerian officer since it was established. And, of course, even Benin Republic, which is not a member of the Lake Chad Basin Authority, is contributing towards that because it is also a threat to it. It is, indeed, a threat to the whole of West Africa. Among the insurgent groups that are active, Islamic State for the West Africa Province, ISWAP, has the territorial ambition to rule the whole of West Africa. It has gone beyond the North-East, Northern Nigeria and the entire Nigeria. It is a regional issue and, as such, an African problem. It is a challenge which, I think, we should look at from that angle.
To be fair to President Buhari, when he assumed office in 2015, the first thing he did was to visit all the neighboring countries specifically because of insurgency and, following that, he organized a conference of heads of state in the region in Abuja where this issue was discussed. In addition, the Federal Government also gave a lump sum of money for this project. The Multi-National Joint Task Force is heavily funded mostly by Nigeria because we have more interest to protect here. Don’t forget our population, size and interest, particularly managing our borders and reinforcing it with security which we have to do alongside those neighbors. We have extensive land borders, covering about 4, 500km. So, it is a concern to us.
The fact that we must protect our borders is a major challenge. Even here in Nigeria, there were all types of narratives sponsored here and there, that people were not even taking Boko Haram serious. Part of the problem we have is national ownership of the problem because, even at that time, there are people who felt the issue was not their problem. Some looked at it as a northern problem but today it has become a regional issue, not even Nigeria’s.
There is a very wide network of insurgency connected with ISIS and others. So, these are issues we need to look deeply into and ensure that we nip them in the bud because insurgency, combined with extremism and terrorism, has seen young people sponsored to throw bombs, kill people and themselves in various places. We don’t even talk about 2009, even during former President Obasanjo’s administration, when there were attacks in Kano, followed by the killing of a popular cleric, Sheikh Adamu, who was murdered, while leading prayers in a mosque in Kano. This group had already established all over. It was not even at that time confined to the North-East. Remember the 2011 bombing of the United Nations, UN, Office in Abuja, the burning of Nyanya and other places. So, these are issues we have been dealing with. I don’t want to continue seeing it as a North-East or Northern Nigerian problem. It is a regional/African problem which we need to wake up and deal with.
You referenced the efforts of President Buhari and, of course, the military and the Multi-National Joint Task Force based in Chad. That brings us to the role of the Nigerian military in tackling these challenges. As one of Nigeria’s military veterans, how would you assess the performance of the military on the security threat the nation is facing, bearing in mind the numerous challenges facing the military, especially the issue of resources, welfare, equipment and an over-stretched military?
Bearing in mind all the challenges you mentioned, it is very glaring that the military is doing as much as they can to deal with the situation. I also want to use this opportunity to appreciate my colleagues in the military, particularly those who gave up their lives for others to live, leaving behind them widows and orphans. No soldier gets out of his house, deployed to fight a battle with the intention that he wants to die. No! He wants to win the war and come back safely. But, unfortunately, that is not always the case. So, we need to give the military standing ovation for what they have been doing as far as fighting insurgency is concerned. It is a big challenge. Americans just got out of Afghanistan after 20 years.
They have been fighting war against terrorism for more than three decades now. So, with all the technological advancements, all the intelligence they have, they are still fighting non-state actors, and the terrorism they are fighting is not home grown, they go outside their country to challenge threats against them, but ours is home grown and to challenge non-state actors who are Nigerians, mostly living within the communities, is not an easy task. Secondly, you mentioned the fact that the military is over-stretched. Yes, the military is over-stretched. What is the total strength of the army, the navy and the air force? Just a little under 200, 000 and not only are they occupied, engaged to fight insurgency, they also deal with issues of routine policing. I think we need to look at our police as an institution and strengthen them in order to be able to handle those tasks which are their primary responsibilities, so that the military can concentrate in defending the sovereignty and territorial integrity of this country.
They have to be very conscious about issues of human rights because those are the issues other people are waiting for them to make mistakes. So, to go into fighting people who are involved in terrorism or insurgency who are living within the country, who are Nigerians, who are within the communities and are irregular non-state actors, is extremely difficult to do. I believe they (military) are doing as much as they can, bearing in mind the circumstances and, of course, when you are talking of weapons and equipment, when Mr President said he needed $1m to buy equipment, people were making all kinds of noise. But when you look at the security challenges facing the country, $1m is not much to cover their needs, to be able to carry out the tasks, their constitutional responsibilities and other challenges. I believe we must be able to appreciate the military. Of course, there are areas that one can say they can do better, but if you look at it generally, I believe they are doing as much as they can to carry out the tasks the Commander-in-Chief has given them. Yes, there are issues that have to do with administrative problems.
This is not unique to the military, it is a general issue which, when you look at it, all the sectors in the country have challenges of accountability and transparency as well as rule of law. These are the key ingredients in any democracy and these challenges are also not unique to the military. We must be able to focus on these challenges, make sure that whatever we do, the process is transparent, accountable and follows the rule of law and, of course, human right. If we do that, it will not give much leverage for anybody to take advantage of the system.
You have been critical about inter- agency collaboration in intelligence gathering and the usage of that intelligence gathered. Sometimes, we hear that intelligence gathered didn’t get to the right people or that it got to the right people but they didn’t get the right order. In the context of what you said about how things could be done better, what is it that we need to do better in this regard, with particular reference to inter-agency collaboration, among security agencies?
As I earlier mentioned, in this business of security, two things are very important. One, security forces must have the capacity not only to monitor what is happening, they must also have the capacity to respond to incidents. That capacity must be quick and sharp for it to be useful to their action. If it is not quick and sharp, it would only lead to escalation. This is why I said, for instance, the train attack, the attack at Kuje Prisons and others whereby those violent criminals would operate, spend a couple of hours in an operation, finish and disappear.
This is why I said there is need for us to look into the way we respond to emergencies. That is the way security agencies collaborate because this is not a one-man business. This must be based on collective efforts. An agency will not be able to deal with emergency situation alone particularly with the type of security situation we are facing. This is why it is important that security agencies work together. They must share information or intelligence. Their equipment must be inter-operational. They must be able to speak to themselves using their equipment. They must be able to access situations simultaneously so they can know who takes what action at what time. Inter-agency co-operation, co-ordination and collaboration, which I call the 3cs, are very important. If they are not able to achieve that, it becomes a problem.
As a military man and, from the security perspective, there has been creation of regional security outfits, like the Civilian Joint Task Force in the North and the Amotekun in the South-West. Many, including security experts, say equipment, including weaponry, should be slightly enlarged to include the para – military and even vigilantes. What do you make of this?
Well, that has its own advantages and disadvantages but, understandably, it’s more like self – help; communities come together to form vigilante in order to cover the gaps left by officially recognized security forces and that is what is happening. Like I said, it has advantages and disadvantages.
For instance, Zamfara’s case has led to a kind of war between the Fulani herders groups in the forest and the vigilante groups coming from the communities. The Fulani groups accused the vigilante groups of going into their communities, killing their people, rustling their cows and raping their women, among others. I don’t know how far that is true, but they used that as excuse for going into the communities, where they identify vigilantes to carry out banditry attacks as a way of revenging. I think that kind of thing should be looked into. If, for instance, the South-West’s Amotekun is able to cover certain gaps, civilians, in the first place, have a role to play, whether they are formed as vigilante or not. They should be able to provide information to security agencies. They should be able to report whatever they see happening, but what we have today on the other side of it is that we also have civilians who assist violent criminals to do what they are doing. Some go to the extent of supplying them food, drugs, weapons etc in the forests. This should not be the case. This is a problem that is a threat to everyone. Sometimes too, you will find out that some of them do it out of fear, sometime, when a community feels that it is not getting the protection it requires from security forces, they give in to the demands of these criminals to the extent that they threaten and collect tax from them.
I have seen some unverified pictures where captors use captives to farm for them and whatever they produce belongs to the criminals. On the issue of para-military institutions, the Customs and Correctional Service already carry weapons in line with the Act establishing them. But the issue is that they need more training on the use of weapons. I am afraid to say that, several years ago, this was my experience as Minister of Interior which I made efforts to correct. For several years, I met a situation whereby there was weakness in training personnel in para-military organizations
. This is why we gave a lot of attention to training institutions to ensure that they are functioning. I also made it mandatory that before one is promoted from one rank to the other, he or she is required to undergo certain courses and trainings. I brought my military experience into that. You don’t get promoted without attending those courses/trainings, tested and certified, with good grade which you will now use to compete at the Board with others before you are promoted. Before then, people just got promoted without attending those courses. We have corrected that, at least, while I was there and I believe my successor continued with that. So, these are some of the issues. But, you cannot allow everybody to carry weapons.
Even Americans are still grappling with the issue of gun control, because you find situations whereby people go into schools and supermarkets and start shooting and killing people. So, to say that everybody should be allowed to carry weapons, I don’t think we have got to that stage, particularly on the issues of assault weapons which, I think, we should be very careful about. But, vigilante has always been there, it is not new. We have had communities organizing them, so it not a new thing. South-West as a region has started to look at it as the window to create Amotekun. We will be able to assist because they do not have constitutional mandate. So, they are doing that to assist law enforcement agencies. I have seen situations whereby when they arrest suspects they hand them over to law enforcement agencies.
A lot of weapons came into Nigeria through our borders, particularly after the death of Col. Gadaffi in Libya in 2011. Some of the people bringing in the weapons are not Nigerians. What can you say about that in terms of the strength of security in being able to control incursions such as this?
Our border security and management has some serious challenges. I mentioned earlier that we have over 5, 000km land borders and, of course, we have borders by the sea. This is a challenge. Then, of course, there is absolutely no way we can physically man all those borders. As at the time I was in office, they were about 84 officially recognized crossing areas and over 1, 000 illegal routes people use (to possibly bring in weapons). There is closeness between countries we have boundaries with. There were some borders I visited while in office where it was only a road that separated a community in Niger from a community in Nigeria. When I visited Benin Republic, upon their invitation on the issues of border, I met my counterpart, their then Minister of Interior, one Mr. Akande. Apparently, he is a Yoruba man.
He told me that they have this close cultural affinity with the Yoruba in one of the states, that none of the traditional rulers will remain on a seat without visiting a particular shrine in Benin Republic. If you look at Chad, we have Niger, we have Fulani and Kanuri speaking people, just like Benin with Yoruba speaking people. You look at Northern Cameroun, we have Fulani and Hausa speaking people. In Southern Cameroon, you cannot differentiate between the people of Akwa Ibom and Cross River states from those of South-West Cameroon, even in terms of name.
They have been sharing similar names. So, there is that strong cultural affinity. That is the second issue aside the expanse nature of the borders. Even if you just look at those two, you will know that we have these challenges. So, in order to deal with these challenges, we must work together with our neighbors. Interestingly, you find out that maybe because of population, some of those neighbors are more organized than us in terms of respect to rules, to laws. For instance, when you leave Nigeria and enter Niger, you will see the way they organized themselves.
They are not as rich as us or as exposed as us. There is need for us to come together. All our neighbors depend on us for survival to a very large extent. There was a time we heard that the Federal Government offered to buy vehicles for one of the neighboring countries and people were making…that is soft power. We also get aids from other countries, and they don’t make noise about them but they know why we do such aids. We also know why we do that.
America has two bases in Niger: the Department of Defence and the CIA. They use those bases to protect their interests. We can’t neglect the fact that we need to move very close with the Americans to be able to leverage on what they do there. They are there for their interest. Also, we have our interest: interests that are mutual. Also, the influence of France and the European Union, EU, in that region, France has been conduction ‘Operation Barkani’ in Mali for years even though they said they were withdrawing some troops. France is a great influence in all our neighboring countries who are Francophone. We cannot distance ourselves from France because we have some interest to protect, just like France. And, France also has interest to protect in Nigeria. We should be able to have a bi-lateral relationship with these countries based on mutual interest. (Vanguard)
• Interview first aired on Channels TV News
How a pioneering businessman, philanthropist and education advocate continues to live on through family, enterprise and institutions
By Tony Edike
Sixty years after his death, the name Sir Louis Philip Odumegwu Ojukwu still evokes memories of enterprise, discipline, philanthropy and an uncommon commitment to education.
He died at Nkalagu in the then Eastern Region on September 13, 1966, leaving behind a legacy that has continued to endure across generations.
Born in 1909 at Umudim, Nnewi, Sir Odumegwu was the sixth of the 10 sons of Ojukwu Eze Okigbo and the only son of his mother, Ukonwa, among her four children.
Sir Odumegwu Ojukwu with Dr Nnamdi Azikiwe
From humble beginnings, he rose to become one of Nigeria’s foremost businessmen and industrialists of his generation, while also making significant contributions to public institutions and the development of the then Eastern Region.
Six decades after his passing, his family, friends, associates and Ojukwu Transport Limited — the company he founded — are preparing to commemorate his life and legacy.
The anniversary will not, however, be marked with elaborate festivities.
Sir Odumegwu Ojukwu
According to his grandson, Dr P. Ike Ojukwu, an Obstetrician and Gynaecologist and a Director of Ojukwu Transport Limited, the family intends to keep the activities low-key, with events spread across the year.
“Sixty years is a long time,” Dr Ojukwu said, explaining that the commemoration would take place in different forms throughout the year.
A special Mass has been arranged in his memory, while other activities are being planned to honour the late business mogul and philanthropist.
A LEGACY THAT TRANSCENDS BUSINESS
Perhaps nowhere is Sir Odumegwu’s enduring influence more evident than in the continued activities of Ojukwu Transport Limited.
The company, which he founded, remains part of the family’s effort to preserve his ideals and memory.
One of the initiatives being sustained is the annual Sir LP Odumegwu Ojukwu Prize, awarded to the best graduating students in the Faculty of Business Administration and the Department of Estate Management/Surveying at the University of Nigeria.
Sir Ojukwu with nephew, Emmanuel and sons Joseph and Emeka
For the current winners, there is additional reason to celebrate.
The prizes have been revised upwards, and the beneficiaries have been urged to contact Ojukwu Transport Limited to receive their awards. The University authorities have already been notified.
The Sir Odumegwu Ojukwu Hall at the Enugu Campus of the University of Nigeria will also feature in the anniversary remembrance.
Beyond these existing commitments, the family is addressing plans for a proposed memorial hospital, scholarships and other charitable initiatives.
THE BUSINESSMAN WHO SERVED HIS REGION
Sir Odumegwu Ojukwu’s business achievements were matched by his involvement in public affairs.
He served as Chairman or Director of several government agencies and was also Chairman of the African Continental Bank, one of the prominent financial institutions of the period.
Sir Odumegwu with hos wife, Virginia
His influence extended into the establishment and development of the University of Nigeria.
The university was the brainchild of the late Right Honourable Dr Nnamdi Azikiwe, the Owelle of Onitsha, who was a close friend of Sir Odumegwu.
The Eastern Regional Government provided the principal funding for the establishment of the institution, but men such as Sir Odumegwu played important roles in mobilising support and resources for the ambitious project.
His contributions did not go unnoticed.
In the early 1960s, the University of Nigeria conferred an honorary Doctor of Laws (LLD) degree on him in recognition of his accomplishments.
It was an appropriate honour for a man whose own life had demonstrated the transformative power of education.
FROM “LP” TO “SIR ODUMEGWU”
To many Nigerians of his generation, he was initially known simply as LP Ojukwu — the initials standing for Louis Philip.
But following his knighthood by the Queen in the early 1960s, he chose to be known by his Igbo name, Odumegwu.
Sir Odumegwu Ojukwu with friend,
Sir Mobolaji Bank-Anthony.
The decision was also influenced by his friendship with the then Chief Justice, Sir Louis Mbanefo. Rather than have two prominent men carrying the same first name and title, he elected to use Odumegwu.
Thus, LP Ojukwu became Sir Odumegwu Ojukwu.
The name would subsequently become synonymous with business, philanthropy and public service.
“DIOKPALA NNEM”
Behind the public figure was a deeply committed family man.
Those who knew him remember his affection for his sisters — Mrs Nwosu, Mrs Okoli and Mrs Obi — and for their children.
To them, he was affectionately known as “Diokpala Nnem”, meaning “my mother’s first son.”
The relationship was reciprocal. He loved and supported his siblings, while remaining deeply attached to their families.
His philosophy was not simply to provide assistance, but to create a chain of responsibility.
He sponsored and trained at least one of his brothers’ children. But when the beneficiary completed the training, Sir Odumegwu insisted that the person should support their mother and, in turn, train another relative.
For him, assistance was meant to produce independence — and independence was expected to create another opportunity for someone else.
EDUCATION AS A FAMILY RESPONSIBILITY
His commitment to education developed early.
Still in his late twenties when his parents died, the young LP suddenly found himself shouldering responsibility for the education of his younger sisters.
When one of his younger sisters performed exceptionally well in her annual examinations, he reportedly wrote to her principal requesting double promotion.
The request was not merely a recognition of her brilliance. It was also intended to shorten the period of schooling and reduce the financial burden on him.
That episode captured something fundamental about his character: he valued excellence, but he also understood the sacrifice required to create it.
Even though he was known to be strict and careful with his hard-earned money, he was generous towards people placed under his care.
He instructed that his wards should be supported until “Ubulu fa emechie” — a traditional expression meaning, in essence, until the brain closes or intellectual development is complete.
Education, in his view, was therefore not a luxury. It was an obligation.
STRICT WITH HIS CHILDREN, PROUD OF THEIR SUCCESS
His philosophy of education was particularly evident in the upbringing of his own children.
A poor report card could provoke his anger, but academic success brought overwhelming joy and pride.
Although his sons lived and attended primary and secondary schools in Lagos Island, he insisted that they spend their holidays with members of the extended family in Nnewi, Onitsha or Port Harcourt.
At other times, they stayed with his cousin, Felix Okonkwo, popularly known as Okonkwo Kano, in Kano.
The arrangement ensured that despite growing up in Lagos, the children remained connected to their extended family and their roots.
SIX DECADES, BUT THE MEMORY REMAINS
For a man who died in 1966, Sir Odumegwu Ojukwu’s name has proved remarkably resilient.
His family continues to preserve his memory. His company continues to honour academic excellence in his name. Institutions continue to bear his name. Plans for scholarships and other charitable projects seek to extend the values he espoused to another generation.
And those who knew him continue to remember the man behind the achievements.
They describe him as a man of honesty, integrity, boundless energy, kindness, discipline, generosity and an unwavering belief in education.
His story is therefore not simply that of a wealthy businessman who lived and died six decades ago.
It is the story of a man who understood that wealth could be used to build people, institutions and opportunities.
It is the story of a businessman who became a philanthropist, a family patriarch who became a mentor, and a public-spirited citizen whose influence extended beyond his immediate commercial interests.
As the 60th anniversary of his death is commemorated, the central question is not merely how Sir Odumegwu Ojukwu should be remembered.
Rather, it is what should be done with the values he left behind.
For his family and associates, the answer appears clear: keep the legacy alive — through education, enterprise, service and giving.
A solid and unapologetic Igbo man, he was, nevertheless, completely detribalised in his outlook. Sir Odumegwu placed competence, loyalty and integrity above ethnicity, and Nelson Oyesiku’s appointment to the National Shipping Line in 1964 was just one example of this philosophy. He was an extremely family-oriented and down-to-earth man, yet he had a refined taste for Savile Row suits, shoes from Harrods, and choice traditional attire, some of which came courtesy of Alhaji Razaq Okoya’s father and others. At the time of his death, his principal residence was ‘Eastern House’ on Hawksworth Road, Ikoyi, Lagos.
His taste extended to his vehicles, although his impressive fleet never altered his simple and adventurous habits. LA 1 was a Rolls-Royce Silver Wraith, while LC 1 was a Cadillac. The fleet also included an Armstrong Siddeley, Oldsmobile, Pontiac, Rover and Land Rover, ably handled by Mensah and Clement. Despite having such a fleet, he was known to travel from Lagos to the East, often at night, sometimes alone with a trusted driver, a firearm cradled close at hand. The household services were handled by Oriuwa in the kitchen and Bernard, while his beloved pets included two Great Danes, Hector and Flash.
Sixty years after Nkalagu, Sir Odumegwu Ojukwu may be gone, but the ideals associated with his name continue to find expression in the lives of those he touched and in the institutions that still bear his imprint.
PHOTOS OF SIR OJUKWU FROM THE ARCHIVES
Editorial
ADDRESS BY THE PRESIDENT OF THE CATHOLIC BISHOPS’ CONFERENCE OF NIGERIA DURING A COURTESY VISIT TO HIS EXCELLENCY, PRESIDENT BOLA AHMED TINUBU, GCFR ON 28 JULY 2026 (FULL TEXT)
PARTNERS IN BUILDING A JUST, PEACEFUL AND PROSPEROUS NIGERIA
Mr. President,
1. Greetings: I bring you warm greetings and prayers from all the members of the Catholic Bishops’ Conference of Nigeria. I am Archbishop Matthew Man-Oso Ndagoso, the Archbishop of Kaduna and the newly elected President of our Conference. I thank you immensely for granting us this audience, which offers us the opportunity to share with you some of our observations and genuine concerns about our country. This ensures the continuity of our collaborative engagement in the task of building a healthy nation that all of us would be proud to belong to: “a nation of justice, love and peace.”
2. The Visit of Archbishop Gallagher: Your Excellency, may we use this opportunity to express our gratitude to you and the Ministry of External Affairs for the warm reception that you gave to the Holy See’s Secretary for Relations with States and International Organisations, Archbishop Paul Gallagher, during his recent visit on the occasion of the fiftieth anniversary of Diplomatic Relations between the Holy See and the Federal Republic of Nigeria. We, as Nigerians and Catholics, are happy to share the two identities and proud of the healthy and unbroken relations between the two states. We believe that the relations will bear perceptible fruits for Christianity and Christians in our country. This, Mr. President, is a time when many Christians have legitimate concerns about their place in Nigeria, especially regarding the departure from the Christian/Muslim presidency, and we hope that, through deliberate government policies, those concerns will be addressed and Christians will be reassured of their rights as citizens. We expect that you will take steps to soothe frayed nerves and address the concerns.
3. Quality tertiary education and the challenge of limited spaces: Mr. President, Sir, you have shown a commitment to giving hope and succour to our youth through NELFund, the Student Loan Initiative. This deserves commendation. Unfortunately, by global standards, Nigeria does not as yet have enough universities to cater for a bulging youth population. Only a tiny fraction of the persons seeking admission into the university actually get it, owing to limited number of places available. We therefore hope that the recent moratorium placed by the National Universities Commission (NUC) on the establishment of new private universities does not cancel out the gains of NELFund.
4. Sustaining the gains of the democratic experience: Mr. President, on matters of the state, we are genuinely concerned by fears expressed across the country on the fate of opposition politics. You have a track record of having been in active opposition. Many voices are screaming over what they consider to be the constriction of the political space, with some fearing that a one-party state is being anticipated. Whether these fears are genuine or not, can only be tested by the signals citizens receive from Your Excellency as the leader of the party in power. To this end, we urge you to encourage elected political office holders who are members of your party – Governors, members of the National Assembly, Local Government Chairmen – to ensure that a genuine level playing field is maintained and that focus is placed on making everyone see that the rules and processes are fair to all and respected by all. As a man who risked so much in the struggle for the return of democratic rule in the dark days of military dictatorship, your greatest legacy would be the strengthening of our democratic institutions.
5. Credible elections for the avoidance of disaster: Furthermore, there have been growing concerns about the electoral processes. We note the efforts being made to ensure that the elections are free, fair and credible. Sadly, there is an increasing feeling of disenchantment with the clear manipulation of the electoral processes, and the collective feeling that people’s votes do not count. Lower voter turnouts are a mark of distrust in the electoral processes. It is our hope that you be on the forefront in demanding that the Independent National Electoral Commission, INEC, delivers credible elections, to ensure that Nigeria is set on the path of national development and integrity. This ought to start with making voters’ cards easily available to all eligible voters and end with election results that reflect the true choice of Nigerians. Adequate and timely funding of INEC is required to ensure that the Agency inspires the confidence of citizens. Anything short of transparent, free, fair and credible elections in 2027 would be an invitation to avoidable disaster against which all well-meaning Nigerians have been praying. We urge that the conduct of the political class should be in tune with the voices we lift to God in prayer.
6. But we need to be alive and secure first: Mr. President, we congratulate you for the recent successful release of the kidnapped school children and their teachers in Oyo State. The arrest of some of the kidnappers and their speedy prosecution is one of the few positive indicators of what a willing government and its agencies could do to protect the life and property of the citizens. We commend you for this and for other such cases in recent times. Unfortunately, these remain few and isolated exceptions. Our nation still remains a favourable destination for terrorism, banditry and high levels of insecurity that threaten our collective existence. Schools, places of worship, homes, farms, rural roads and highways. Nowhere is safe anymore, as bandits and criminals freely carry away scores of worshippers and schoolchildren, even in broad daylight undisturbed, kidnap and butcher simple as well as high profile citizens mercilessly and unapologetically. Our sovereignty is at stake and, even by African standards, our insecurity continues to diminish our standing and our ability to serve as the leader of Africa.
7. Worsening quality of life, suffering and pain: When the security situation in the country is taken together with the deterioration and near collapse of the power sector, the sorry state of our roads, the economic hardship, one wonders how much of the renewed hope agenda flaunted by your administration is being realised. Mr President, our nation is bleeding. The citizens are suffering and crying. Not only on account of the constant threat to their life by criminal elements, but also because of some policies of government whose promised positive effects have been delayed too long before being felt. You have said a couple of times that you hear their cries and feel their pain. But words are not enough. They expect concrete action that engenders some change in their condition.
8. Pope Leo XIV among us will strengthen our collective prayers and efforts: Finally, we believe that the problems and burden of our nation require a sincere commitment to good governance for the common good to the glory of God. We continue to pray for our dear country and appeal to you to take seriously our pleas for greater collaboration between the Church and the State for the overall wellbeing of our people. We believe that Mr President is aware that the Holy Father, Pope Leo holds our country very close to his heart and constantly prays for us. During our visit to him in March this year, he was quite enthusiastic about a visit to Nigeria on a date in the future. As you know, Sir, that will only happen if you invite him. We request that this be done soon. Our land and its people will benefit immensely from his presence and blessing.
9. Two particular requests: Mr. President, we respectfully place two specific requests before Your Excellency. First, we ask that Your Excellency give favourable consideration to the request on the return of mission schools to their original proprietors. We recall that this matter was raised during our meeting with you last year, and we remain hopeful that your Government will take the necessary steps towards its implementation.
Second, in the light of the Supreme Court judgment of 10 February 2026 affirming the constitutional right of Muslim students at Rivers State University to freedom of religion and worship, we respectfully request that Your Excellency direct the appropriate Ministries, Departments and Agencies of Government to ensure that this same constitutional principle is faithfully implemented throughout the Federation. In particular, we appeal that Christians, especially in the northern part of the country, who continue to face difficulties in acquiring land for the construction of churches or in freely exercising their right to worship, should enjoy the same constitutional rights and protection accorded to all Nigerians. Equal citizenship must be reflected not only in law but also in practice.
Once again, we thank you very sincerely for granting us this audience. We pray that the Almighty and merciful God may grant you the wisdom and strength to lead our nation and all its citizens towards that greatness that God has destined for us.
Matthew Man-Oso NDAGOSO
Archbishop of Kaduna
President, CBCN
Editorial
Three Years of Service: Governor Mbah reaffirms commitment to Enugu’s sustainable development
At a Thanksgiving Mass marking the third anniversary of his administration, Peter Mbah delivered a speech and shared a testimony at the Government House Chapel, Enugu, on May 29, 2026.
The Full Speech:
A Mass is usually not a platform for speeches. So, I crave your indulgence – given what today represents.
This is an opportunity to express my gratitude for the support and prayers of Ndi Enugu in the last three years.
Nothing we achieved would have been possible without the support of the civil servants and my entire team.
Thank you for your dedication to duty and painstaking implementation of our policies.
Thank you, My Lord Bishop, for your wise counsel and prayers. And to the Chaplain – for your daily dose of enriching sermons.
The church has been an important part of this journey. Our gathering here this morning re-affirms that.
My dear Ndi Enugu,
This morning feels both sombre and energising to me.
Perhaps anniversaries naturally create that feeling. Like a birthday. A celebration, yes, but also a moment that interrupts the rush of events and forces you to reflect.
Three years ago, after taking the oath of office at Okpara Square, I signed the Citizens’ Charter.
I remember the weight of that moment very clearly.
At the time, many people saw just another government promise. Public life had produced too many declarations that never truly reached ordinary people. Hope had become cautious.
But I believed that moment mattered.
The Charter was about trust. About rebuilding faith in public office and creating a service-centred mindset by government for the people of this state.
Most of what we now speak about so easily had not yet taken physical form. It existed as planning, conviction and hard belief. You could describe the future, but you could not touch it.
That gap between vision and evidence is uncomfortable. It asks people to hold faith before results arrive.
And honestly, that was our first challenge.
We had become too used to disappointment.
Too used to shrinking our expectations in order to protect ourselves from frustration.
That was the atmosphere surrounding Enugu three years ago.
Which is why I have always felt that the deeper significance of the Citizens’ Charter was psychological before it was political. It marked a decision to think seriously again about what this state could become and how future generations might eventually live here.
This morning, I think it is worth pausing to reflect on that moment properly.
Let us go on a journey across Enugu State today.
Picture it:
You leave early in the morning. You move through the capital and further outward into the rural communities.
You pass schools in every ward of the state.
Step inside one of them. Listen to children speaking confidently about robotics, AI, coding, agriculture, science and citizenship.
Watch how naturally they use computers and smart boards, as though this future already belongs to them.
Keep driving.
You come across healthcare centres communities can actually reach, where maternal mortality has fallen dramatically and healthcare is moving closer to ordinary life.
Move again.
You travel on smooth roads now connecting communities more efficiently across the state. Roads carrying farmers, traders, workers, students and businesses more from one place to another.
At some point, you stop at a junction and watch the city drive by:
Workers, students and traders traveling in air-conditioned CNG buses with Wi-Fi.
Watch how differently the city now breathes.
Then visit the terminals; The International Conference Centre; Hotel Presidential.
Look in on Hotel Presidential. Watch people visiting from different parts of the state and country. Watch how infrastructure shapes the feeling of a place before a single conversation even begins.
Go further.
Take a flight on Enugu Air: to Lagos, Abuja, Kano today, and tomorrow – the world.
Connectivity changes the psychology of a place. It changes how people see themselves and how the world sees them too.
Watch the shops opening throughout the week.
Watch young people working late at an ICT hub or filling restaurants late into the evening.
Then come back to the Lion Building.
Sit with my team.
Tell them what you saw.
Tell them what you can feel happening around the state.
Tell us whether this still looks like the Enugu you once knew.
And then come and see me.
Tell me how all this makes you feel
Now let me paint a different picture.
Imagine waking up tomorrow and finding yourself back in the Enugu of three years ago.
The roads are broken again. Gridlock clutters the junctions. Mondays fall silent under sit-at-home orders. Shops close. Businesses retreat indoors. Public transport becomes stressful and exhausting again. Schools drift further behind the modern world. Healthcare centres struggle to meet basic needs. Hotel Presidential slips back into decay. Rural communities remain cut off by weak infrastructure and poor connectivity.
The tech hubs are gone. The innovation ecosystem disappears before it fully matures. Investment dries up.
National attention moves elsewhere. International partnerships fade. The state begins losing confidence in itself again.
And the people who drove this transition – I and the team around me – are no longer there.
Slowly, quietly, expectations begin shrinking again.
And then ask yourself honestly: how would that feel?
What would you fight to keep?
What would you protect for your children and for the generations coming after us?
What people see today are outcomes.
What they do not always see is the struggle, persistence and invisible labour required to bring those outcomes into existence.
A functioning society does not emerge because somebody gives a speech and announces a vision. Between intention and reality sits an enormous amount of hard thinking, strategy and effort.
Take Hotel Presidential.
By the time we came into office, the matter had already been trapped in legal processes for years. Hearings had been pushed far into the future. It would have been easy to leave it there and move on to easier things.
But that building mattered symbolically to the state. It represented pride, confidence and economic possibility.
Allowing it to continue decaying indefinitely would have meant accepting paralysis as permanent.
So, we pushed. We engaged. We argued the case directly. We insisted the people of Enugu deserved results instead of endless postponement.
The same thing applies across the state.
People drive on constructed roads now, but before asphalt is laid there are engineering studies, negotiations, budgeting decisions and months of planning.
You see buses moving more smoothly across the city today, but somebody first had to think carefully about routes, congestion, pricing, terminals and sustainability.
Security required major investment, coordination, difficult decisions and resolve.
Even political harmony does not happen automatically. Across these past years, countless meetings have taken place quietly behind closed doors. Stakeholders have been engaged patiently. Communities have been listened to. Consensus had to be built repeatedly.
And still, we do not always get everything right.
None of this work is glamorous.
Most of it never appears in headlines.
But this is how serious transformation actually happens.
Through sustained effort, difficult decisions, and people remaining focused long after applause fades.
What we are doing here cannot be understood simply as a collection of projects.
We are rebuilding the operating system of this state.
A different future is being constructed layer by layer -economically, culturally and institutionally.
And we are living through one of those rare moments when the direction of a society can change fundamentally.
Can you feel it?
A state that had learned to manage limitation is thinking ambitiously again.
Young people are starting to imagine futures for themselves here at home. Investors are looking at Enugu. The wider region is paying attention.
And God willing, what is being built here will contribute to something larger nationally.
But work at this scale cannot remain superficial if it is going to endure.
That is why the foundations matter so much – education, healthcare, infrastructure, security, technology, investment, public trust.
These things only last when people begin treating them as their own.
When we are gone, what will remain?
Will future generations inherit systems strong enough to carry them further than we ourselves travelled?
Will they look back and recognise this period as the moment Enugu truly changed direction?
Or will people mistake the beginning for the end?
Because what we see around us today is not completion.
It is proof that far more is possible.
Three years ago, much of this journey depended on vision, trust and the willingness of people to take a chance on a different direction for the state.
Today, the situation is different.
People can now see the changes around them in daily life.
And that changes the responsibility all of us now carry.
Tomorrow Is Here can no longer remain government’s project alone.
It belongs to Ndi Enugu.
The future of this state cannot depend permanently on one administration or one political moment. It must become rooted in public culture – in the way communities protect what has been built, participate seriously and hold leadership accountable for continuing the work properly.
Lasting transformation survives only when citizens themselves begin carrying part of the responsibility for protecting it.
What we are building is still young.
A child taking its first steps into the world still needs guidance, patience and careful attention, even when those first steps fill the family with pride. In many ways, our wider transformation is still at that stage.
And anything young requires protection while it strengthens itself.
Eight months from now, in January, we will enter another election.
Do we realise enough that history has placed something precious in our hands?
History is full of people who reached this stage, relaxed too early and stopped thinking like underdogs. Momentum made them comfortable. Success softened their discipline. They mistook winning a battle for winning the war.
We cannot afford that mistake.
Forces that threaten serious progress never disappear. Political brinkmanship. Short-term thinking. Financial pressures. Geopolitical instability. People more interested in noise, ego and personal advancement than long-term results.
These are the challenges before us now.
So let us gather around what we have begun building here carefully.
Let us protect it.
Let us strengthen it.
Let us campaign for it.
Let us bring more people into the fold and help them understand why this moment matters.
Why!
Because Tomorrow is Here
God bless Enugu State
God bless the Federal Republic of Nigeria
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