
Opinion
REAWAKENING THE AGE-LONG NORMS AND VALUES OF OUR PEOPLE – By Obiora Okonkwo
KEYNOTE ADDRESS BY PROF. OBIORA OKONKWO, CHAIRMAN OF UNITED NIGERIA AIRLINES AT THE MAIDEN EDITION OF THE NTA-NUJ SOUTHEAST LECTURE SERIES AND AWARDS TAGGED REAWAKENING THE AGE-LONG NORMS AND VALUES OF OUR PEOPLE HOLDING AT BON SUNSHINE HOTEL, PRESIDENTIAL ROAD ENUGU
Protocols
INTRODUCTION
I want to first thank the members of the Nigerian Union of Journalists (NUJ) in the southeast zone for going beyond their normal primary duty of reporting events and developments to organize this conversation and through it, seek to set a new agenda for ethical and moral regeneration and conduct in our society. You guys are setting the pace for reasonable discourse in the search for solutions to a problem that has hit our society in such a way that it will take an abnormal being not to be worried anymore. The media had set the agenda for our country’s independence and is doing much more.
Like I stated here in Enugu on June 28, 2019, at the colloquium organized by the Enugu State Council of your great union, at Oakland Hotel, to mark the 50th birthday anniversary of one of you, Nze Magnus Eze, the role of the media in the growth and development of Nigeria has remained one to be proud of. I said: “the story of Nigeria’s sovereignty cannot be completely told without a golden mention of the role played by the media. From the day Rev. Henry Townsend started Iwe Irohin (meaning, Magazine), the first-ever newspaper in Nigeria in 1859, the media has grown to become a necessity in the development of our country. Though Rev. Townsend’s newspaper lasted some eight years before it was rested, Nigeria grew from there to see its independence struggles enhanced by classy newspapers published by Nigerians, which had incisive articles and analysis written by educated Nigerians which in turn exposed the average Nigerian of the pre-independence era, to what the real issues were. Notably here is The West African Pilot published by Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe. Several other newspapers came following alongside the first radio station in 1950 and the first television station in December 1959.

“The Nigerian media would grow from there to develop the reading culture with fertile arguments, analysis, interviews, editorials and opinions on the future of the country. This development helped to create in Nigeria, a new generation of educated and visionary leaders who saw only one boundary -that between Nigeria and her colonial masters. Those generations of leaders put the media to great use in educating, informing and even entertaining the people. Thus, Nigeria became the envy of others on the African continent as while other countries were struggling to sustain the publication of one or two newspapers, Nigeria was churning our newspapers in their numbers. These media involvements helped bring us to where we are today as a nation.
“Media involvement in the independence of Nigeria did not end there. It continued through the problems we had as a young federation leading to the civil war. After the Civil war, the media played a key role in the re-unification and integration efforts of the government. The media was also at the forefront of the campaign against military rule in Nigeria. Many of your colleagues paid the ultimate prize and yet, the media could not be deterred. The media showed resilience and determination in working towards delivering a country for all of us.
“The struggles that followed the annulment of June 12, 1993, general elections were largely a media struggle. But for the media, our activists, and their activism, would have been silenced by the military. It is, however, unfortunate that when key players in the events of June 12 talk about their roles, they fail to mention the media which was the rallying point of that struggle. Without the media, June 12 would have been forgotten. The media kept it on the front burner of national discourse and continued to push it until it became a national day. That tells you the power of the media. Whatever the media focuses on becomes infectious such that generations of journalists will keep the clamour and carry the message as they designed it.” Therefore, the issue of “reawakening the age-long norms and values of our people” is one which I believe is achievable with a very strong media focus and advocacy, driven by journalists like you.
BACKGROUND TO ISSUE
Ladies and gentlemen, as you all are aware, I entered the race for the governorship of Anambra state and participated in the election that was held in November 2021. My reasons were simply to effect positive change and drive our society in a new direction. I got involved because I saw in leadership, the opportunity to transform society by positively transforming the lives of the people that make up the society. For, what is society but the people? In doing that, I developed a 10-Point Agenda for the transformation of my dear state and our people. Item number 9 on the agenda is titled “Rebuilding Our Ethical Infrastructure”. Under this plan, I promised that “working with the civil society, the religious organizations and the private sector, the government shall promote a CENTER FOR VALUES AND CHARACTER.” I also promised that “there shall be a Senior Policy Adviser to the Governor” whose responsibility will include “value and attitudinal re-orientation of all citizens; continuous training of all cadres of Anambra citizens on integrity, civic rights, duties and responsibilities; training of political appointees and civil servants; restoration of Igbo culture and values; institutionalization of moral instructions in schools and in adult education curriculum; enthrone culture of modesty, trust and honesty through appropriate educational programs, including theatre and film; work with the church and other civil society organizations to enthrone the right values among the citizens; advise government on anti-corruption measures in procurement and project execution; promote a robust anti-corruption legislation, and support and undertake corruption studies and research that would inform government’s anti-corruption agenda.” I still stand by this and strongly recommend all of the above to all the governors of the 36 states and the FCT.
Ladies and gentlemen, the desire to alter negative realities and develop new ideals in human relations and conduct did not just happen to me because of politics. Before coming out of my comfort to play in the political field, I founded and created the Pro-Value Humanity Foundation, a not-for-profit organisation whose basic mission is to recreate humanity through a dedicated focus on transforming society by the re-orientation of values for authentic human development. Our mission at Pro-Value is to create a society where the human person is at the centre of development. This is so because we believe that an individual’s behaviour is governed by character and that character is determined by values. This underscores a major reason for my vision in the proposed creation of the Center for Values and Character. Therefore, by re-orientating values, we would be able to refine the character of the human person. The reasons we took this curve, ladies and gentlemen, are the same reasons for which we are holding this conversation, which, I believe is very appropriate. It is a conversation that we must hold and continue to until we can bring ourselves, our children and our society, to that point in our human formation journey when we can comfortable say that we have reclaimed our society for our good and the good of our future.
PROBLEM
In seeking the reawakening of the age-long norms and values of our people, we inadvertently admit that the good days are gone. Those were the days when parents spoke and children listened. Those were the days when teachers spoke and pupils and students listened. Those were the days when priests and catechists spoke and the congregation listened. I am talking of the days when children played on the streets, hide when they see their teacher coming; the days when children took and trusted instructions from elders because what an elder sees sitting a child will not see even from the peak of the tallest tree. I am also talking of the days when the community had a say in the upbringing and character formation of the child and the days when elders, youths and children lived by the truth because everyone understood, and, appreciated the fact that eziokwu bu ndu.
Ladies and gentlemen, I am also referring to the days when girls learnt the art of home-making and how to also be good mothers (Ezinne) from their mothers who saw it as their obligation and made themselves available to impart knowledge. I am referring to the days when hard work was the hallmark of the youth and people lived by the fruits of their labour. I am sure we all remember the days when a man is considered one because of the size of his yam barn and his children are considered great children because they were equally hard working; this is against the gradual development of the culture of begging among families. I am talking of the days when families were contented with whatever life brought their way and would, out of pride, rather have palm kernel for dinner and still lived happily as good neighbours. When I say these, I also refer to the days when people attained community recognition to become red cap chiefs, Nze, Ozo, Ichie and even appointed to the membership of the Igwe’s cabinet not on account of land holding, number of children or wealth, but on account of how upright, God-fearing, truthful, fair-minded, just, respectful one is perceived to be in the community.
We can all look back to remember the days when life was so sacred that anyone who took life was literally ostracized from the community unlike the contemporary days when cultism and bloodletting among youths are seen as a mark of the tough. We can also remember when such issues as suicide and abortion were also considered sacrileges in our communities. Or, have we forgotten the days when mothers were mothers in deed and words –they made sure their daughters dressed respectfully and properly before leaving their homes; they ensured that their sons also kept the right companions. Have we forgotten the days when no child will bring anything home, no matter how little, if it did not belong to him? And by belonging to him or her, it means that such item was provided for him/her by the parents. We cannot forget the days when the aroma of marijuana (guff) alone, rattled the entire community prompting emergency village meetings and search parties neither can we forget the days when mothers and fathers lived with a certain kind of a shame because their daughter was linked with prostitution or their sons with the least form of robbery. Some parents even lived with some form of shame because their children were seen as haughty, pompous, snobbish and disrespectful for reasons of not greeting their elders.
Those days seem to have gone and may never come back because society evolves. However, it is expected that the evolution of society must not force us, as humans, to lose our cherished ethical and moral values which emanate from our cultures. As I have always said, our culture is our life. Culture is about who we are. Societies all over the world go to great lengths to protect their most cherished cultural values. I have seen this happen in Russia, the United States of America, the United Kingdom, France, Malaysia, China, Indonesia, Egypt, South Africa, and Morocco and in fact, in all the countries I have visited so far. For instance, respect for seniors and good manners are ingrained in every culture that I have interacted. In the western world, standing up in public transport for the elderly is common practice.
Today, we find new expressions that challenge our understanding of character building. Instead of communalism, which we all cherished as a vital tool for social integration and character modification, we now have a new wave of individualism wherein our children tell us that ‘it is my life’. We are buffeted on all fronts by the consequences of this mad rise in individualism which has sadly robbed us of social sanity and our values. So, instead of avoiding drugs, our youths engage in it with certain bravado to suggest that nothing is wrong with it; and in most places, they tell you nothing mega! It is such that those who stay away from this negative habit are seen as social misfits. Today, it seems to be the norm for our youths to aspire to drive the latest SUV, wear designer clothing, wrist watches, necklaces, shoes, latest telephone handset models even when they do not have jobs and earnings to pay for such luxuries and are also not in school.
Today, we see and feel the impact of the progressive decline of the family. In our days, the family was everything. Everyone made effort to stay away from anything that would rub the family name in the mud. We grew up with the principle of ezi afa ka ego. Today, it seems to be immaterial if the family name is messed with so long as certain things are achieved no matter how –it is now an era when the end justifies the means and not the other way round. Many of our youths live their lives to suggest that the most important thing is to get there and that nothing is wrong with the how. Isn’t that why many of our youths have had the sad fate of facing the hangman or the marksman in Southeast Asian nations? Today, many parents have abdicated the divine responsibility on them to mould the character of their God-given children because of economic and social pressures. Parents seem no longer to care. Nannies and domestic aides are rapidly taking over the role of mothers in the character formation of the child. Many do not even bother to question the source of the material acquisitions their children bring home.
Ladies and gentlemen let me take you along this line too. I am sure that many of us here have been victims of social media bullying. Sometimes, I go on social media to see what is trending. I read many updates by our senior citizens. While I just read and learn, I, however, find it appalling and disturbing how intolerant of other people’s opinions our youths have become. Many senior citizens have rather shied away from engaging in conversations on social media, which rightly ought to bridge the knowledge gap and bring people closer, because of the intolerant behaviour of our youths. And, I ask! When did it become part of our character to insult and abuse our elders because of the opinions that they hold and share? Common sense dictates that if you do not share the same views with others, you develop and expand yours. Societies develop through the convergence of opinions. Democracy grows from the plurality of opinions and everyone is entitled to his or her. So, why the intolerance? Why the insults and abuses of senior citizens and even peers? Truth be told, no one develops because he or she insulted others the most. Such negative behavioural traits destroy rather than build the human person. You win no laurels for such behaviour which, indeed, speaks to a poor upbringing. It betrays the sort of tutelage one underwent under one’s parents. Anyone that was properly brought up, and inculcated with the right values and norms, will not engage in such nasty behaviours no matter how unpleasant the other person’s views are because our holy book says to us in Proverbs 22:6 to: Train up a child in the way he should go: and when he is old, he will not depart from it.
Lest we forget, Chief Anthony Enahoro (late) moved the motion for the independence of Nigeria in 1953 at the age of 30. Chief Mathew Mbu became a Minister at 23. He went on to hold several other ministerial positions in his youth. If those were in the distant past, let me then bring you down to the fact that Donald Duke became governor of Cross River state at 38 years. Dr. Chimaroke Nnamani became governor of Enugu state at the age of 39 years. Miss Yadomah Bukar Mandara, the youngest delegate to the 2014 National Conference, which was convoked by President Goodluck Jonathan to dialogue and find solutions to the problems of Nigeria, was aged 24 when she was nominated to the conference. Many offered leadership to Nigeria, at different levels, in their youthful days. They were not accepted to leadership because there were no older persons around. I tend to believe that they were elected or appointed to such tasks because of the “content of their character”. Sadly, rather than build on what was possible several years ago, our youths have lost the trajectory of their personal development and delved into the abyss of self-pity and self-destruction. But, they must be made to understand (and that is a task before the media) that no amount of violence, harassment, insults and abuses will, for instance, make the political elite yield the space to the youth. In the contest for power, it is usually brain power and the depth of the mind that brings one to the table of reasonable discourse, not an acerbic tongue.
CONCLUSION
In conclusion ladies and gentlemen, allow me to remind us that so many Nigerians and non-Nigerians had told us, and still tell us that the future of our country lies in the hands of our youths. As it is said, your academic attainments can get you the best job, but the only thing that will keep you at the job and determine how long you stay up there is your character. Martin Luther King Jnr dreamt that one day his four little children live in a nation where they will be judged “by the content of their character” and nothing else. That should now be our focus.
To reawaken the age-long norms and values of our people, I, therefore, recommend that we must return to basics; that we must begin to rejig our institutional structures that play huge roles in character formation and ethical reorientation. And when I say this, I refer to religious, political and socio-cultural institutions that impact the character of our youths. The church and the school system have huge roles to play. My belief is that we can change our society if we capture the minds of our children at their earliest formation years and direct them properly.
I also believe that we must encourage our religious leaders to see the negative impact of the focus on what many now call the ‘prosperity gospel’ which has robbed many of our youths of that innate gift of the Igbo, which is hard work and enterprise, such that many tend to believe that wealth comes by a certain miraculous wand as prophesied by a pastor leading many to get involved in despicable get-rich-quick acts –remember the Okeite Phenomenon. Sorry, if this offends any pastor here. However, we must tell ourselves some truth if we must come out of the hole that we are currently in. Our religious leader should be encouraged to shift focus to what I call entrepreneurship gospel. The ideals of entrepreneurship gospel are captured in the eternal words of St. Paul spoken to the Thessalonians where he said “If a man will not work, he shall not eat… We hear that some among you are idle. They are not busy; they are busybodies. Such people, we command and urge in the Lord Jesus Christ to settle down and earn the bread they eat.” In Igbo, we say aka aja aja, na ebute onu mmanu mmanu. This was one of the reasons I instituted a study at the Business School of Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka, on how to revitalize apprenticeship (Igba Boi) in Igboland. My belief is that we can use apprenticeship, as a veritable tool, to redirect the minds of our youths and bring them back to rewarding enterprise pursuits that would make them actualize themselves, become more useful to themselves and add value to their communities and Igbo society at large.
I believe, and strongly recommend, that we must also return to our cultural foundations and promote those good ideals of our cultures and traditions as they affect the family, parenting, sacredness of life, respect for elders, other people’s property and the virtues of hard work. As Igbo people, we must go back to teaching our children what constitutes nso ani and help them to know them and respect them too. Ladies and gentlemen, I believe that if we consciously play our roles as parents and religious leaders; and if our educational systems are rejigged to accommodate moral education while our social and political leaders become role models, we would have been able to reawaken the consciousness of our people towards resurrecting our cherished norms and values.
FINAL CALL
All hopes are not yet lost. The little efforts of those like you all here, who are deeply worried, tells me that we shall overcome. I am happy that already, we have a governmental tool to help us drive this need for ethical and attitudinal reorientation countrywide. I am talking of the National Orientation Agency (NOA). What we have in our hands is not a problem exclusive to a particular geopolitical zone. It is a national problem. Therefore, I further recommend, and strongly too, that we must push for the expansion of the mandate of NOA to include ethical and attitudinal reorientation of Nigerians. If need be, let there be a name change for NOA, and perhaps an upgrade into a commission, to reflect this new mandate. Let us call it National Ethical and Attitudinal Reorientation Commission with expanded mandate to become a very effective and functional tool towards achieving values reorientation across the country. If this upgrade and name change demands legislation, there will be nothing wrong with the National Assembly, and indeed, all state Houses of Assembly, enacting same to give it the necessary legislative backing.
Expanding its mandate to include ethical and attitudinal reorientation will empower NOA to be more active in the push against such negative public national habits as official corruption. In making this call, I am mindful of the fact that government, including previous ones, had made attempts to refocus ethical and public morality issues through such rebranding instruments like ‘Not in Our Character’ of the Walter Ofonagoro era, ‘Heart of Africa’ of the Frank Nweke era, ‘Good People, Great Nation’ of the Dora Akunyili era, and recently ‘Change begins With Me’. These have been laudable attempts that failed because they were not institutionalized. Like those before it, ‘Change Begins with Me’ of Alhaji Lai Mohammed will end with his time as Minister of Information and National Orientation. This is the reason I further recommend that the next government from 2023 finds a way to institutionalize ethical and attitudinal reorientation into its programme of action for the country.
Further to those, another major reason we must institutionalize ethical and attitudinal reorientation is that our governmental system shows itself as bereft of character both in the leadership selection process and leadership in itself. Often, we have been told that the problem of Nigeria is not the absence of human capital but the dearth of leadership. However, I think that the major problem with leadership in our clime is the absence of persons whose content of character are not inspiring enough to drive the country and its people towards positive action that would berth the sort of change and growth that we all envisage. Let us not make mistakes about it, the character of some of those who we elect to leadership, from the wards to the federal levels, have always come with question marks.
This reality begins with our leadership selection process. Ladies and gentlemen, how comfortable are we with a leadership selection process where those who elect our candidates; are themselves persons of questionable character? Is it no longer true that birds of same feather flock together? In some states and communities, we see persons who honed their skills from touting at motor parks, not academic institutions and environments, leading in deciding who becomes the flagbearer of political parties and indeed, who wins in the final election. This trend should worry us because it portends great danger ahead for our country. As it is said, you cannot plant mangoes and harvest apples. This is what those countries that we look up to for support have done and are still doing.
For instance, in ‘Democracy and Development: A Prolegomena for Growth’, I argued that China has created, and adapted, a leadership selection process which pools its best hands for future leadership tasks on merit. Merit here includes the development of character, good public conduct and leadership delivery. In that paper, I referenced Zhang Weiwei, the Director of China Institute at Fudan University, where he said: “China has established a system of meritocracy or what can be described as “selection plus election”, where competent leaders are selected on the basis of performance and broad support through a vigorous process of screening, opinion surveys, internal evaluations and various types of election. This is much in line with the Confucian tradition of meritocracy… China’s political and institutional arrangements and innovations have so far produced a system which has in many ways combined the best options of selecting well-tested competent leaders and the least bad option of ensuring the exit of the leaders who should exit for all kinds of reasons.”
I closed my arguments in the paper saying “we must design, and develop, a leadership system that promotes meritocracy through a selection process that identifies, and elects, the best of the best (that is persons of character) and entrust them with the management of the commonwealth.” If China could do it, nothing says that Nigeria cannot do it. All it takes is determination and focus. If we focus our efforts at cleaning the leadership selection process, we will find how easy it is to ensure that shadowy characters no longer trot our political space as leaders and determinants of the fate of the people.
Finally, it is gratifying that this event is organized by journalists themselves. What this brings to mind is the great role that the media must play in reshaping public morality through the creation and development of media content that builds character and behaviour of our people. As it is today, the content of what is aired on the visual media as musicals, home movies, skits etc is a challenge on the moral integrity of society. Some years ago, we had such greatly entertaining visual creations like The New Masquerade, Village Headmaster, and Cock Crow at Dawn etc. While they were educative as well as entertaining, they did not leave huge question marks on public morality, culture and character like many contemporary media contents are doing. In the musical industry for instance, aside the lurid visuals shown on television and freely available on social media platforms, which are also open to minors, you also wonder what drives the sort of lyrics that accompany these visuals. Sometimes, I tend to argue that these new characterizations may be part of the destructive neo-colonial idealism that aims at subjugating our cultural values and norms and birth a new culture that robs us of our identities. If you cause a review of what Lord Macaulay was alleged to have said in an address to the British parliament on February 2, 1835, you may get my drift. In the alleged address, Lord Macaulay allegedly said: “I have travelled across the length and breadth of Africa and I have not seen one person who is a beggar, who is a thief. Such wealth have I seen in this country, such high moral values, people of such caliber that I do not think we would ever conquer this country unless we break the very backbone of this nation, which is her spiritual and cultural heritage and therefore, I propose that we replace her old and ancient education system, her culture, for if the Africans think that all that is foreign and English is good and greater than their own, hey will lose their self-esteem, their native culture and they will become what we want them, a truly dominated nation”. I use this quote and attribution cautiously given that some accounts dispute its authenticity. However, the message it conveys need not be lost on us.
Therefore, I believe, and also strongly recommend, that visual creations for television can be very entertaining as well as commercially rewarding without being aggressively challenging of public morality and character formation of our children. This was why in my lecture titled ‘Reinventing Nigeria’s Unity for Global Relevance In the 21st Century: Issues of Identity, Governance and Stability’ which I delivered at the Sam Epelle memorial lecture of the Nigerian Institute of Public Relations (NIPR) in Asaba, Delta State in September 2021, I called for a new synergy between media content creators (Nollywood) and the NIPR for the development of media content that not only portrays a positive image for our country, but also helps build on character formation while still remaining entertaining and commercially rewarding.
Flashback: “In Nollywood, we see a different sort of presentation of Nigeria’s cultural identities. Nollywood gives us an image that could be considered negative depending on the worldview that one holds. For example, Nollywood generally makes you feel that mother-in-laws are evil and perennially wicked. That is negative stereotyping. While some mother-in-laws may be terrible, a vast majority of them are most loving of their daughters-in-law or sons-in-law. But that is not what you get in Nollywood which also makes you think that almost every rich Nigerian met with a babalawo or a witch doctor before he became rich. If those depictions are what the world ought to know about our cultures, then, I believe there is need for a redefinition of our values.”
Redefining these characterizations is a task before all of us too, especially journalists who set the agenda and mold public opinion as we engage ourselves in reawakening the age-long norms and values of our country.
Thank you for listening.
Opinion
National Ranching Policy: Whose Land, Whose Ranches, Whose Future?
By TOM CHIAHEMEN
There is something profoundly unsettling about a government announcing a policy ostensibly designed to resolve one of Nigeria’s most intractable security and agricultural problems, only to discover that the announcement itself has become another source of anxiety.
That, increasingly, appears to be the predicament of the Federal Government’s proposed National Ranching Policy.
On paper, few would quarrel with the idea of modernising Nigeria’s livestock industry. A country struggling with farmer-herder violence, cattle rustling, dwindling agricultural productivity and an increasingly stressed food system ought to be thinking seriously about how to move livestock production away from open grazing and an increasingly unsustainable nomadic model.
Indeed, the Federal Government’s argument is straightforward. According to the Minister of Livestock Development, Alhaji Idi Maiha, the government plans to pilot the National Ranching Policy in Adamawa, Benue, Kaduna, Nasarawa and Plateau states, as well as the Federal Capital Territory, with the Wase Grazing Reserve in Plateau State serving as the test model.

The rationale, he explained, is that these areas have experienced high levels of farmer-herder violence partly because traditional grazing routes have been swallowed by expanding towns and farms.
The proposed programme also includes livestock tracking, under which four-legged animals would be tagged to curb cattle theft and establish a national livestock database.
And the broader objective is to move Nigeria away from cattle mobility and nomadism, which the minister says is no longer safe or sustainable.
All of that sounds reasonable.
But then comes the question that the government must not dodge:
Whose land?
And immediately behind it come several others:
Ranches for whom? Who owns them? Who occupies them? Who benefits from them? And what happens to the communities whose land is required to establish them?
Those are not rhetorical questions. They are the questions that may determine whether the policy becomes a historic solution to Nigeria’s livestock crisis or another trigger for a fresh round of conflict.
The reactions from the Middle Belt since the minister’s August 12 announcement have been swift and unusually emphatic.
In Benue, the three major ethnic socio-cultural organisations—Mdzough-U-Tiv, Ochetoha k’Idoma and Omi Ny’Igede—have not rejected modern ranching as an idea. Far from it.
Their objection is to what they perceive as an attempt to impose the policy from Abuja without adequate consultation with the communities, traditional institutions and state authorities whose lands and livelihoods would inevitably be affected.
Their message is perhaps best captured in the phrase: “peace must precede policy.”
That distinction is important.
For years, Nigeria’s public conversation about the farmer-herder crisis has been reduced to the convenient phrase “farmer-herder conflict”. But many communities in Benue and elsewhere in the Middle Belt strongly reject that characterisation.
They insist that what they have experienced is not merely a quarrel between farmers and wandering cattle rearers but sustained attacks, killings, destruction of homes and farms, and mass displacement.
That perception matters because public policy is rarely successful when it begins by dismissing the lived experience of the people it is supposed to serve.
The Benue socio-cultural organisations say more than 500,000 displaced citizens remain in IDP camps after losing their homes and farms.
And here lies perhaps the most emotionally and politically potent objection to the ranching proposal:
How does a government explain allocating land for a new federal livestock project while the original owners of land in parts of the state remain refugees?
That is a question Abuja must answer convincingly.
The Middle Belt Forum has gone even further, describing the proposed policy as a potential “forceful land-grabbing scheme” dressed up as livestock development.
The Forum argues that states such as Adamawa, Plateau, Southern Kaduna, Benue, Taraba and the FCT—areas it identifies as Middle Belt territories—have suffered some of the worst violence associated with herder militias.
It therefore questions why these same territories should now become the principal theatre for a ranching programme.
The Forum’s argument is brutally simple: if the primary objective is livestock development, why concentrate the pilot in areas where land ownership, security and community relations are already so combustible?
It points to large expanses of unused land in parts of northern Nigeria and asks why states such as Jigawa, Kano, Sokoto, Bauchi, Zamfara and northern Kebbi are not being considered.
The Forum also raises questions about the changing composition of the proposed pilot locations. Kano, which was reportedly among the locations announced earlier in the year, has now given way to Nasarawa.
Whether that change is simply a matter of policy design or something more fundamental, the government owes Nigerians an explanation.
Because once suspicion enters a policy of this magnitude, silence becomes an accomplice to conspiracy theories.
The Wase model has also become controversial.
The Middle Belt Forum says ordinary farmers and Plateau indigenes have opposed the model, arguing that support for the allocation of large areas of land comes principally from sections of the political and traditional elite who may benefit from it.
Whether that allegation is entirely fair is another matter. But it cannot simply be dismissed.
The government must demonstrate that the proposed ranching programme enjoys genuine grassroots consent—not merely endorsements from politicians, officials or selected traditional rulers.
And this is where the intervention of Christian leaders in Benue adds another dimension.
The Nigeria Catholic Diocesan Priests Association, Makurdi Diocese, has also rejected the proposed pilot scheme, arguing that the immediate priority should be the safe return and resettlement of displaced citizens.
Their position is anchored on a simple moral proposition: land should not be allocated for new settlements while citizens who originally occupied and cultivated that land remain homeless in camps.
They also insist that the Federal Government must respect Benue’s existing Open Grazing Prohibition and Ranches Establishment Law.
This raises another constitutional and policy question that Abuja cannot wish away: how does a federal ranching initiative interface with state laws governing land use and open grazing?
But perhaps the most useful intervention in this increasingly polarised debate comes from an individual voice that refuses to choose between modern livestock development and protection of indigenous land rights.
Gideon Inyom, a visionary leader, innovation strategist and transformational thinker, asks the question that perhaps ought to have been at the heart of the government’s consultation process from the beginning:
“Ranches for whom, on whose land, under what ownership structure, and with what long-term consequences?”
That is the real conversation.
Suppose the Federal Government’s ranching programme is designed to empower Benue farmers themselves to enter commercial livestock production.
Suppose Tiv, Idoma, Igede, Etulo and other Benue citizens who want to diversify from crops into cattle, sheep, goats, poultry, dairy production, animal-feed manufacturing, veterinary services and meat processing can access finance, improved breeds, veterinary support, water infrastructure, processing facilities and markets.
Would that not be an opportunity worth embracing?
Of course it would.
There is no compelling reason why Benue should remain merely the “Food Basket of the Nation” on the strength of crops while other Nigerians dominate the economic opportunities in the livestock value chain.
Indeed, if ranching is to be the future of livestock production in Nigeria, the people of the Middle Belt should not merely be expected to provide the land.
They should be among the principal beneficiaries.
This is why the government must clearly identify the intended beneficiaries of the programme.
Are the ranches to belong to existing Nigerian livestock farmers?
Will Benue farmers have access to them?
Will participation be voluntary?
Who will own the land?
Who will own the ranches?
Will government acquire community land?
What rights will existing landowners retain?
Will beneficiaries acquire ownership rights, leases or merely occupancy rights?
And, most importantly, what safeguards will prevent a livestock-development initiative from quietly transforming into a permanent settlement programme?
These are not anti-development questions.
They are the questions of responsible development.
There is a world of difference between establishing a modern ranch on voluntarily acquired or properly leased land for Nigerian livestock entrepreneurs and acquiring vast stretches of ancestral community land for permanent settlement of populations from elsewhere.
The former is an agricultural policy.
The latter could become a demographic and territorial policy.
And once permanent settlements are created, reversing the consequences may be virtually impossible.
That is why the Federal Government should resist the temptation to sell ranching as a simple technical solution to a problem that is fundamentally also about land, identity, security, justice and trust.
Nigeria has been here before.
Policies imposed from Abuja without sufficient consultation with the communities expected to live with their consequences have often produced resistance, suspicion and, eventually, conflict.
The irony would be tragic if a policy designed to end farmer-herder violence ended up generating another dispute over land.
The government therefore needs to slow down—not necessarily abandon—the ranching initiative.
There is nothing wrong with the concept of ranching. In fact, Nigeria urgently needs a modern livestock economy.
But modernisation must not mean dispossession.
Agricultural transformation must not become an excuse for land alienation.
And livestock development must not become a euphemism for permanent resettlement.
The first step should be an exhaustive consultation involving state governments, traditional institutions, local communities, farmers’ organisations, livestock producers, displaced persons, security agencies, civil society and other relevant stakeholders.
The government must also publish the ownership, financing, land acquisition and beneficiary framework of the programme.
Let Nigerians see the map.
Let them know whose land is involved.
Let them know who will own what.
Let them know who will benefit.
Let them know whether participation is voluntary.
And let them know what happens to the indigenous communities whose ancestral lands may be required.
Above all, let the government first resolve the security crisis that has displaced hundreds of thousands of citizens.
There is a moral absurdity in creating new ranches while old homes remain abandoned and old farms remain inaccessible because their owners are afraid to return.
The Middle Belt does not need to reject development in order to defend its land.
Nor should Abuja interpret legitimate concerns about land and security as opposition to livestock modernisation.
There is a middle ground—and that is precisely where sensible policy should live.
Let Benue people participate in livestock.
Let Plateau people participate.
Let Nasarawa, Kaduna and Adamawa communities participate.
Let Nigerian farmers across the country enter the entire livestock value chain.
Let the government provide finance, technology, veterinary infrastructure, water, processing facilities, markets and security.
But let Nigerians also retain the right to determine what happens to their ancestral land in accordance with the law.
The lesson from this controversy should therefore not be that ranching is impossible.
It should be that ranching without trust is impossible.
Nigeria can modernise its livestock industry without surrendering the land rights, security and dignity of the communities that have already paid an enormous price for the country’s failure to resolve the farmer-herder crisis.
The Federal Government has an opportunity here to demonstrate that development does not have to be a zero-sum game.
But it must first answer the questions that are already echoing across the Middle Belt:
Ranches for whom? On whose land? Who owns them? Who benefits? And what happens to the people who are already there?
Until those questions are answered convincingly, the proposed National Ranching Policy will remain less a solution than another controversy waiting to happen.
As Inyom aptly puts it, Nigeria can embrace economic opportunity without abandoning institutional memory.
That may ultimately be
Opinion
Stop Fulani ethnic militia or break up Nigeria
By Michael Owhoko, Ph.D
For how long shall the rest of the country look on while Fulani ethnic militia trouble the peace of Nigeria? Why are Fulaniterror groups spreading fear, causing pains and inflicting psychological trauma on Nigerians through deliberate, calculated and organised acts of kidnapping, torture, rape and killings? What exactly do they want, and for how long will Nigeria endure this malevolence? Nigeria’s current despicable image as fifth-most-violent country in the world, is largely due to this jihadist voyage.
Of over 250 ethnic groups in Nigeria, why is the Fulani the only tribe that has chosen this nefarious and cold-hearted path of violating rights of fellow citizens with impunity? If all other ethnic groups resolved to embark on similar acts of violence, will the country be safe and conducive for them to live in? Or do they think they have exclusive capacity for violence? Who will call them and their sponsors to order? Painfully, all other ethnic groups had been in existence in Nigeria before the adventof Fulani in 1800.
Ironically, these lawless and violent extremists constitute a handful of the larger Fulani population who transact and go about their businesses peacefully without links to criminal and armed banditry gangs across the country. Actions and demeanors of these sadistic minority are already rubbing off on the image and reputation of the entire Fulani ethnic nationality, who are being perceived as risky to live with, particularly by victims and Nigerians whose peace and safety have been breached.
In the African tradition, when a group of miscreants deviatefrom accepted norms, society looks up to leaders and prominent members of such ethnic group to use their authority to prevail on them. In Nigeria, there are influential Fulani leaders who can call these Fulani criminals to order. We have the Sultan of Sokoto, Alhaji Muhammadu Sa’ad Abubakar III, the Emir of Kano, Muhammadu Sanusi II, Alhaji Atiku Abubakar, Engr. Rabiu Kwankwanso, Alhaji Abdulsamad Rabiu, NSA MallamNuhu Ribadu, Mallam El Ru’Fai, Sheikh Ahmad Gumi, Alhaji Abdullahi Gaduje, Alhaji Dikko Umar Radda, Alhaji Bala Mohammed, Alhaji Abdullahi Sule, Alhaji Nasir Idris, and so on. They can exert their influence on them to stop the carnage.

The Emir of Kano had demonstrated this possibility previously. As the spiritual leader (khalifa) of the Tijanniyah Sufi order in Nigeria and also leader of Tabital Pulaaku International, a cultural organization of the Fulani, Sanusi is revered among the Fulanis. He had travelled to Ghana in the past to intercede when Ghana threatened to expel Fulani over alleged criminal activitieswhich had fueled public anger and tension in the country.
The Nigerian Fulani is part of Tabital Pulaaku International. Therefore, Sanusi, in his capacity as leader of this cultural organization, can call these Fulani Islamic extremists to order. Besides, prominent Kaduna-based Islamic scholar, Sheikh Ahmad Gumi, who had interfaced, negotiated and brokered peace with Fulani terror groups in the past, can also deploy his contacts and influence to rein in their activities. Gumi is notableand commands their respect. This is important because of the growing adverse public emotions against Fulani militia, which is slowly but steadily, impacting negatively on the Fulani people.
Furthermore, the Arewa Consultative Forum (ACF) and Northern Elders’ Forum (NEF) can also mediate by emulating Afenifere and Pan-Niger Delta Forum (PANDEF). Afenifereintervened when the Oodua People’s Congress (OPC) was going to extremities, just as PANDEF doused tension when Niger Delta Avengers (NDA) exceeded their course, though their mission differed fundamentally from the Fulani jihadists. While the philosophy of the Fulani ethnic militia is based on forceful territorial acquisition driven by jihadism and violent conflict, the struggle of OPC and NDA were based on protection of Yoruba identity and resource control, in that order.
The silence of Fulani leadership is unhelpful and widening public suspicion. Their intervention will not only go a long way to control the damaged reputation of the Fulani ethnic nationality; it will curtail growing tendencies to label Fulani as untrustworthy people with behavioural red flag. This perception is gradually gaining ground, with danger of isolation by other ethnic nationalities in the face of continued threat to peace and safety.
This emerging reality played out recently when a video of a Fulani man went virile. In the video, the man who is of Fulani heritage, expressed frustration when he was refused by other passengers from boarding same commercial bus with them from Lagos to Calabar. Ground of refusal was his ethnic identity asFulani, whom they considered unsafe to travel with. As a result, his transport fare was refunded and forced by the transport company to disembark.
In the light of this experience, I venture to predict that this is going to be the trend in the coming years. Also, there is high probability of counterattacks over the Fulani menace soon, as endurance capacity of other ethnic groups is nearing dangerous limit. When a man is pushed to the wall with his life threatened, he will be forced to push back, not with smile, but with propelled astronomic anger. Put differently, self-defence will become inevitable and unstoppable, except there is a 180-degree turn by Fulani insurgents.
The Fulani terror groups are overstepping their bounds. This is not the time to keep mute. It is high time prominent Fulani leaders spoke out in unison to condemn and call these miscreants to order. A stitch in time saves nine. Martin Luther King Jnr, said “We must learn to live together as brothers or perish together as fools.” But we all cannot be fools at the same time, hence cannot perish together. It is better to defend oneselfthan to foolishly yield to unprovoked assaults.
Currently, there is no part of Nigeria that is not under attack by armed Fulani extremists. They have infiltrated all six geo-political areas, occupying farmlands and bushes of ancestral communities of other ethnic nationalities, from where they launch unwarranted onslaughts on innocent citizens. This is unacceptable. These killings must stop before they set the country on fire.
Fulani history of lethal proclivity initially informed the classification of Fulani armed militia as fourth deadliest terror group in the world by the Global Terrorism Index (GTI) in 2015. But somehow, this label later disappeared from the international terrorism rankings, perhaps, due to confusion created by the Nigerian public in recurrently describing armed Fulani terror groups as “bandits” and “gun men”, same way armed herders’ offensives on farmers, are wrongly depicted as “farmers-herders clash”.
From the report of The Observatory for Religious Freedom in Africa (ORFA) released this year, 2026, it is scary to note that a total of 79,323 people were killed between 2020 and 2025 across Nigeria, including 42,000 innocent civilians. According to the report, Fulani terror groups alone killed 44 percent of the 42,000, while Boko Haram murdered 8 percent and Islamic State West Africa Province (ISWAP) was responsible for 4 percent.
This shows that Fulani ethnic militia are deadlier than Boko Harm, ISWAP, Ansaru, Mahmuda and Lakurawa. This status isaptly captured in the Agatu massacre of 2016 where between 300 and 500 people were killed; the Christmas Eve mayhem at Bokkos and Barkin Ladi local government areas of Plateau State in 2023 where about 200 people were slaughtered; and the Yelwata bloodbath of 2025 which claimed approximately 150 lives. This is exclusive of other killings across the six geo-political areas of the country.
Nigeria cannot continue in this circle. It is a secular country and belongs to all. The various ethnic nationalities that make up Nigeria are historically and culturally different with varied values, dreams and aspirations. They only ceded their sovereignty for Nigeria, and so, no one ethnic group has the right to kill and make life unbearable for others. Citizens should be able to live peacefully in a country where their future and thatof their children are guaranteed.
The Fulani leadership should therefore cooperate and work closely with government to stop to this bloodbath, otherwise, a process for peaceful dismemberment of the country should be initiated. It is important to be reminded that ethnic discontent and national injustice were what triggered the quest for regional autonomy and agitation for self-determination as epitomized by Yoruba Nation/Oduduwa Republic, Biafra Republic and Niger Delta Republic. The fire was only put out; the smoke is still raging.
Dr. Mike Owhoko, Lagos-based public policy analyst, author, and journalist, can be reached at www.mikeowhoko.com, and followed on X {formerly Twitter} @michaelowhoko.
Opinion
Tinubu the Audacity to Hope: Three years after
By Segun Adeleye
To ask whether Bola Tinubu has lived up to expectations since he stepped into office as Nigeria’s President three years ago will definitely attract mixed reactions.
Having started with a series titled “If I were Tinubu” before the president took the oath of office in 2023, which culminated in my book ‘Tinubu: Audacity to Hope’, foreworded by the Afenifere leader, Pa Reuben Fasoranti, one perspective through which I can review his third year is to reflect on questions that can also serve as warnings, for our country not to allow ‘stomach infrastructure’ dictate to the conscience and the purpose that has been denied, challenged, and continues to be resisted by some known and unknown internal and global forces.
TIME AND PURPOSE
The cycle of life teaches us to appreciate every stage of our journey. Life is constantly changing, with every experience, whether joyful or painful, contributing to who we are.

We can’t seem to get away from the culture that keeps the name of the current ruler on our lips as the architect of our misfortunes. Can this be traced to the history of dashed hopes and lack of opportunities?
There is time and season for every purpose in life. A few years ago, Buhari was like the most hated name that many Nigerian could ever wished for. We had similar experience with those before him like Obasanjo, Yar’Adua and Abacha. In fact, when the news of Abacha death broke out on June 8, 1998, there was jubilation across the country with a sense of relief that nothing as worse could ever befall the country again. It will be interesting to see the result we will get if we should tabulate a question that, which of the past administrations had brought most severe pain and anguish on the people? It has always been a case of lamenting with our current pains that our yesterday was better.
While social media has amplified the capacity of people to criticize their leaders more than at any other time in history, the Tinubu era has witnessed a dangerous dimension with a reported coup plot against his government in January this year. The alleged plot involved a clandestine network of military officers, with an Army Colonel identified as the coordinator. Six former security officials were later charged with treason, terrorism, and terrorism financing in April 2026.
The first question to reflect on in this piece is: what are the things critics say President Tinubu should have done in his three years in power? The areas where they believe he has fallen short include inadequate social intervention programs, with the argument that palliatives aren’t enough to address poverty and food insecurity. There was criticism of the lack of meaningful relief for citizens, with many Nigerians still struggling with rising food prices, inflation, and declining purchasing power despite economic reforms.
While criticism about insufficient job creation and security measures has been strong, one of the opposition parties claimed that worsening inflation and rising food prices have made daily life increasingly difficult for citizens, while the government failed to address job creation, electricity supply, and security concerns.
The government’s responses to criticisms have been varied but mostly draw attention to several reforms and initiatives in the country. Some notable achievements it showcased include:Removing fuel subsidies and unifying FX windows; Improving tax administration, digital revenue systems, and expanding the non-oil tax base; Increasing the tax-to-GDP ratio and easing debt-service pressure; Infrastructure development with projects like the Lagos-Calabar Coastal Highway, Abuja-Kaduna Road reconstruction, Kaduna-Birnin Gwari Road revival, and the Bonny-Bodo Road; Energy independence with Nigeria transitioning from being Africa’s largest petrol importer to West Africa’s largest exporter within two years; Improved security funding that supported efforts to combat oil theft, with incidents dropping to a 16-year low; and Student loan scheme to support indigent students in government tertiary institutions.
No doubt, President Tinubu’s economic reforms have had mixed impacts. On the positive side, they’ve strengthened economic stability and investor confidence, with foreign exchange reserves hitting $50 billion, the highest in 17 years. The reforms have also improved macroeconomic management, rebuilt buffers, and attracted portfolio inflows while reducing risk premiums. However, despite these gains, poverty and food insecurity still persist, with 63% of Nigerians said to be living in poverty and millions facing food insecurity. Inflation remains a challenge, easing slightly to 15.91% in June 2026 from 15.93% in May. The reforms have also contributed to social strain, with many businesses, especially MSMEs, struggling with operational challenges, increased production costs, and declining consumer purchasing power.
While the government has acknowledged these challenges, insisting that the reforms were necessary for long-term growth and stability, it has not provided a specific time-frame for when relief will start easing the pains. Critics of the infrastructure projects have raised questions like ‘Is it road that we go chop?’ Many have suggested alternative approaches to the reforms, including gradual subsidy phase-out, implementation of more targeted social safety nets, prioritizing economic diversification, and exploring debt restructuring options.
These alternatives seem like work in progress, with differences in implementation timelines and challenges
THE ENEMIES WITHIN AND WITHOUT
While rationalizing the questions of what has been done and what ought to have been done, my take is that it’s important not to forget Nigeria’s peculiarity, which seems to have stemmed from the defect in its creation in 1914, ignoring ethnic and cultural differences. This artificial union has contributed to post-independence governance challenges and regional tensions. The theory of conspiracies against Nigeria becoming a global economic powerhouse cannot be ignored. The neo-colonialism theory, which suggests that external forces, including former colonial powers and international financial institutions, are working to maintain Nigeria’s dependence and exploit its resources, is also relevant.
The failure of past leaders to understand the hypocrisy in the global order, which encouraged them to prioritize power and external validation over development, perpetuating inequality and poverty, is the bane of the country. Past leaders can be remembered for their wonderful campaign promises until they gained power, only to realize the depth of the problems and the complexity of achieving results in one or two terms. They then succumbed to self-preservation at all costs, including running the government on overdrafts and paying workers with loans, as witnessed during the Buhari regime. The locust years of military rule cannot be forgotten.
The leader who will transform Nigeria must understand that the problems confronting the country are not ordinary. A prosperous Nigeria will be a victory for the most oppressed people on earth and a loss to those who want it to remain dependent. That leader must be fearless and ready to give everything.
LIKE TINUBU, LIKE KING DAVID
President Tinubu seems to have cut the picture of someone who can go far if he remains stubbornly focused on what matters. It’s interesting that he described himself as a “very stubborn politician” who won’t be swayed by criticism or insecurity challenges. Imo State Governor, Hope Uzodimma, recently compared him to the late Lee Kuan Yew of Singapore. He may be right. But behind this posture should be concerns about how really tough and how far Tinubu can go? How irreversible are his reforms? After all, only one who stands firm to the end can be counted as victorious.
Tinubu is a peculiar Nigerian, toughened through exposure to different ways of living at home and abroad in search of a purpose, and the journey has thrown him opportunities and challenges. He is street and politics smart. His journey shares similarities with that of King David of old Israel. Despite all past mistakes that should have ruled him out of leadership, he made it. That is mercy. Despite all opposition to his candidacy, including from his ruling party, he made it. That is grace.
Like King David, if mercy and grace can bring Tinubu this far, then lessons from history show that he can do anything he sets his mind to. Removing fuel subsidies, unifying the naira, enacting sustainable tax laws, ending financial hemorrhaging through NNPC, simultaneously building superhighways across the country, appointing professionals including young women to head strategic government institutions that were once reserved for aristocrats, and contemplating state police are unprecedented, which leaders before him could not dabble into.
Tinubu is enjoying such mercy and grace that some could argue he is not qualified for, nor worked for. He can face and tell anyone in his party that no one made him. He can dare greater things and survive them. It’s one chance. But he must understand that they will not last forever. They lasted throughout David’s life, but his son who ruled after him, King Solomon, squandered them.
King David’s story showed how he received grace and favor despite his enemies’ plans. In one of his writings, he said God made his enemies become his allies. “You prepare a table before me in the presence of my enemies”. It’s interesting to say that grace has also turned Tinubu’s enemies into his allies, given the defections of governors from opposition parties to the ruling All Progressives Congress (APC). With almost all governors crossing to the ruling party, his re-election bid is in overdrive.
A PRAYER FOR THE LAND
Besides politics, for the sake of Nigeria, the country, irrespective of the leadership, will need all the support and prayers of it to succeed. History has shown us how Africans with strong convictions for change were cut down at their prime. We have examples like Thomas Sankara, Muritala Mohammed, MKO Abiola, Patrice Lumumba, Samora Machel, and Chris Hani, who died in the process of trying to make a change. Citizens should pray for the peace of the land so that it will be well with them.
In the world today, there are countries that seem to have no soul, no conscience, and no God. They are in perpetual crises, fighting wars that have deferred solutions. People are dying every day, while innocent souls are perishing with every attack. Even the United States, looked up to as an advanced democracy, along with Israel, is at war with Iran, with leaders who seem to have run out of ideas on how to end bloodshed.
Nigeria once had its own taste of violence following the massacres and attacks on Igbos, particularly in the north in 1966, which led to the Civil War. Up till now, many Igbos have not summoned the courage to forgive the country, as cries of injustice and marginalization continue to divide the country. To move forward and end the cycle of hatred, people need to reflect on the wisdom that humans and perpetrators of violence are always products and victims of society, either through ignorance or diverse factors. The simple challenge for those still harboring perceptual anger and grievance is the ageless riddle that those without sin should cast the first stone.
Now, this is the one chance. Tinubu is not young. He has been favored by the country and God. He has tasted the ugly, bad, and good parts of the land. He can resolve and declare that if he perishes, he perishes. This is the one opportunity for him to change the world.
• Segun Adeleye is a media-entrepreneur, the President/CEO World Stage Limited (WorldStage) and author of books including “Tinubu the Audacity to Hope.
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